退火温度对0Cr25Al5热轧态盘条钢组织及性能的影响

采用显微组织分析和分子动力学模拟等方法研究了退火温度对0Cr25Al5热轧态盘条钢组织及性能的影响。结果发现,晶粒尺寸随温度的升高逐渐增加并趋于稳定,但是断后伸长率和断面收缩率在950 ℃突然大幅度下降。试样组织形貌在800 ℃和950 ℃退火温度下的OM及SEM分析结果未见明显差别。于是使用分子动力学模拟对0Cr25Al5钢三元体系的自由能进行了计算,发现随着B2结构的FeAl或者DO3结构的Fe₃Al有序相尺寸的增大,系统自由能先减小后增大,其最小值随着退火温度的升高向有序相颗粒尺寸减小的方向移动。在1273 K的高温下仍然会保留60 nm左右大小的有序相颗粒。因此,推测0Cr25Al5钢在大于950 ℃的温度范围内韧性下降是由于60 nm左右的B2结构的FeAl或者DO3结构的Fe₃Al有序相造成,与晶粒尺寸无关。因此,针对该钢种应进行低温退火促使基体组织回复以消除缺陷,从而抑制Fe、Al等基体原子的扩散。     

起重机械防碰装置试验系统的设计

防碰装置是起重机械重要的安全防护装置,其性能质量直接关系到人员和设备安全。常规的防碰装置性能试验方法难以保证试验数据的精度和可靠性。针对防碰装置的工作特点和试验要求,从试验原理、系统结构、运行逻辑等方面入手,设计一套能模拟防碰装置实际运行工况,自动进行性能试验和数据采集处理,精度高、重复性好的试验系统,可以有效提升防碰装置检测能力。     

小型特种精细化工过程自动化和信息化研究发展趋势探讨

针对采取小批量间歇性批次生产方式、工艺介质腐蚀性强、危险性大的小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验过程自动化、信息化程度不高，导致工艺研究试验中获取数据较少、过程机理研究不够透彻、人工操作多、安全风险高、研究试验消耗大及效率不高等问题，综述了期待通过智能控制、在线分析、模拟仿真和虚拟制造、工况监测及预测性维护以及信息管理和生产调度等关键技术的研究和应用，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的自动化和信息化程度，实现小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化、虚拟化和智能化，降低生产安全风险和试验消耗，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验的成功率和效率，达到小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化设计和精准生产的目标。     

装填设备载荷影响因素分析及动力学仿真

大型货物的装填过程中影响载荷的因素较多,其中对中精度对装填载荷影响较为明显。通过动力学仿真软件ADAMS对装填过程中载荷进行模拟,并对各影响因素进行定量分析,得到对中偏差与装填载荷的关系。将仿真结果与试验数据进行对比,验证该仿真方法的正确性,可作为后续研究装填载荷的一种方法,为结构设计提供指导。     

腐蚀对模块式钢结构选煤厂设备支架振动响应影响的测试及分析

选煤厂采用模块式钢结构作为设备支架,受设备使用及养护不当造成结构构件严重腐蚀,构件截面削弱,导致结构产生过大振动,通过对结构各层振动响应测试,得到各测点水平向及竖直向振动速度幅值。经分析得出腐蚀后对结构整体刚度影响程度,为后期采取措施及安全生产提供依据。     

Effects of stray AC on corrosion of 3-layer polyethylene coated X70 pipeline steel and cathodic delamination of coating with defects in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution

In this work, the effects of stray alternating current (AC) on the corrosion of coated X70 pipeline steel and the delamination of 3-layer polyethylene (3PE) coatings with defects were investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and three-dimensional (3D) digital microscope techniques. The results showed that under the same level of AC interference, pits with deeper maximum pit depth were observed at the smaller defect areas than those at larger defect areas. It was consistent with the simulation results that a greater corrosion current density was accompanied on samples with smaller defects. According to 3D digital images, the larger delamination of 3PE coatings was found on samples with smaller defects. With the increase of current density, the impedance of samples with small defects decreased, while that of samples with large defects increased. Additionally, with the same defect size, the maximum pit depth became deeper and the corrosion was more severe.     

CFD modeling of thermal contact resistance between solid contacting surfaces

Heat transfer has considerable applications in different industries such as designing of heat exchanger, nuclear reactor cooling, control system for spacecraft, and designing of microelectronics cooling. As the surfaces of two metals contact each other, this issue becomes so crucial. Thermal contact resistance (TCR) is one of the key physical parameters in heat transfer of mentioned surfaces. Measuring the experimental value of TCR in laboratory is highly expensive and difficult. As an alternative, numerical modeling methods could be engaged. In this study, inverse problem method solution is utilized as a proper method for estimation of TCR value. In this order, three different configurations (flat-flat, flat-cylinder, and cylinder-cylinder) were utilized in two steady and unsteady state conditions to predict the value of TCR. A comparison between the measured values and obtained values from the simulation show the errors for flat-flat, flat-cylinder, and cylinder-cylinder configuration after 10 min from starting the experiment are 4.6074%, 0.1662%, and 0.5622%, respectively. And in steady-state condition, the corresponding errors are 6.06e-3%, 1.506%, and 0.846%, respectively. In conclusion, the final results establish the fact that the inverse problem method solution can predict TCR values between contacting surfaces.     

Study of tritium transport characteristics in a transportable fluoride‐salt‐cooled high‐temperature reactor

Tritium management is one of the most critical issues that limit the development of fluoride‐salt‐cooled high‐temperature reactor (FHR); therefore, it is important to figure out the tritium transport characteristics in FHRs. In this paper, 3 works concerning about tritium in FHR are conducted: first, the tritium transport characteristics in the primary loop of FHRs are introduced, including tritium production and speciation, the absorption and desorption by graphite, dissolution and diffusion in molten salt, and permeation through structural materials. Second, the physical and mathematical models are established for tritium transport characteristic analysis in a transportable FHR (TFHR). The tritium transport characteristic analysis code (TAPAS) for TFHR is developed and benchmarked. The results prove the fidelity and accuracy of TAPAS. Finally, the tritium transport characteristics in the TFHR are analyzed systematically by TAPAS. Three conclusions are obtained: (1) tritium in the primary coolant loop is mainly in the form of T₂; (2) when TFHR operates at steady state, the permeation rate of T₂ can be regarded as a constant (9.03 × 10⁹ Bq ? EFPD^?1 ); and (3) ⁷Li enrichment and redox potential of molten salt have great influence on the tritium distribution. This work might provide contribution to the tritium control in FHRs.     

改性淀粉抑制赤铁矿反浮选石英的作用机理研究

通过矿物浮选试验、动电位测定以及吸附量测试,考察了4种淀粉抑制剂对赤铁矿和石英浮选性能的影响,并探讨了其作用机理。在碱性条件下,改性淀粉抑制剂对赤铁矿抑制效果明显,且以改性玉米淀粉效果最佳,改性磷酸酯淀粉、改性羧甲基淀粉的抑制效果次之,而普通淀粉抑制作用一般。同时4种淀粉抑制剂对主要脉石矿物石英的抑制效果均不明显。pH=10~12.5条件下,改性玉米淀粉因其羟基氧和裸露在赤铁矿表面的铁元素发生了化学键合,因而选择性抑制能力最佳。分子动力学模拟表明,改性玉米淀粉片段与赤铁矿作用更为紧密,验证了改性淀粉能更好地抑制赤铁矿。     

Outcome‐based ventilation: A framework for assessing performance,health, and energy impacts to inform office building ventilation decisions

This article presents an outcome‐based ventilation (OBV) framework, which combines competing ventilation impacts into a monetized loss function ($/occ/h) used to inform ventilation rate decisions. The OBV framework, developed for U.S. offices, considers six outcomes of increasing ventilation: profitable outcomes realized from improvements in occupant work performance and sick leave absenteeism; health outcomes from occupant exposure to outdoor fine particles and ozone; and energy outcomes from electricity and natural gas usage. We used the literature to set low, medium, and high reference values for OBV loss function parameters, and evaluated the framework and outcome‐based ventilation rates using a simulated U.S. office stock dataset and a case study in New York City. With parameters for all outcomes set at medium values derived from literature‐based central estimates, higher ventilation rates’ profitable benefits dominated negative health and energy impacts, and the OBV framework suggested ventilation should be ≥45 L/s/occ, much higher than the baseline ~8.5 L/s/occ rate prescribed by ASHRAE 62.1. Only when combining very low parameter estimates for profitable impacts with very high ones for health and energy impacts were all outcomes on the same order. Even then, however, outcome‐based ventilation rates were often twice the baseline rate or more.